The Pyramid of the Moon in Teotihuacán
The famous Pyramid of the Moon is one of the most iconic structures of ancient Mesoamerica. Known for its impressive size and historical significance, this pyramid captures the imagination of visitors and scholars alike.
Teotihuacan is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Mexico.
Located just outside of Mexico City, Teotihuacan offers the opportunity to step back in time and explore one of the most influential cities in Mesoamerica. The visit to Teotihuacan is an experience that is not to be missed.
If you are fascinated by ancient civilizations, the Pyramid of the Moon is a must-see.
The Pyramid of the Moon is the 2nd largest pyramid in Teotihuacan after the Pyramid of the Sun. It is located at the northern end of the Avenue of the Dead and runs through the heart of the ancient city of Teotihuacan.
The Pyramid of the Moon is a monumental pyramidal structure that rises to a height of 43 to 45 meters and spans a base that is 130 to 156 meters long. The Pyramid of the Moon was built between 100 BCE and 450 CE.
The strategic location of the Pyramid of the Moon on the edge of Teotihuacan’s ceremonial plaza and its proximity to the Pyramid of the Sun suggests its importance in the religious and ceremonial life of this ancient city.
History of the Pyramid of the Moon
This enormous structure is a truncated pyramid, its top was cut off to create a flat surface, probably for ceremonial purposes. It is believed to have been dedicated to the Moon Goddess, and there is evidence of rituals and sacrifices performed in honor of this deity.
The construction of the pyramid lasted several centuries, with additions and modifications made over time.
The most notable architectural style of the Pyramid of the Moon is the talud-tablero technique, a distinctive feature of Teotihuacan architecture. This style features slanted (talud) and vertical (tablero) walls.
This design later influences the architecture of the Maya and Aztecs (Mexica).
Symbolism and Function of the Pyramid
The Pyramid of the Moon was a powerful symbol in the Teotihuacan worldview.
Situated at the end of the Avenue of the Dead, its orientation likely reflected the city’s deep connection to the cosmos. It is thought to represent the center of the world, a concept common to many ancient cultures.
The pyramid’s location highlights its role in the cosmic and spiritual layout of the city.
The Plaza of the Moon, which lies in front of the pyramid, contains several altars and a distinctive cruciform structure, highlighting the pyramid’s religious significance and its connection to fertility, the moon, and water.
All these elements were essential to the Mesoamerican worldview.
Excavations and Discoveries
Researchers have discovered tunnels beneath the pyramid, indicating multiple stages of construction. Each new stage was larger and more complex than the last, and each addition was built on top of older structures.
Archaeological excavations beneath the Pyramid of the Moon have provided insights into the history of Teotihuacan. In 2007, beneath the pyramid, was discovered an ancient tomb dating back to the 4th stage of construction.
The tomb contained a human sacrifice, numerous animal remains, and over 400 ceremonial objects. These finds shed light on the rituals performed and provide insight into the religious practices of the Teotihuacan people.
The Pyramid of the Moon Today
Today, the Pyramid of the Moon remains a major tourist attraction and an important archaeological site. Visitors can explore the pyramid and its surroundings, gaining a deeper understanding of the civilization that built it.
The Pyramid of the Moon continues to be a symbol of the mystery and grandeur of the ancient city of Teotihuacan, still capturing the attention of scholars, historians, archaeologists, and travelers from around the world.
Why is the Pyramid of the Moon important?
The Pyramid of the Moon holds significant cultural and spiritual value due to its unique archaeological discoveries. Beneath the pyramid, was uncovered a tunnel that stretches 10 meters deep, leading to the Plaza de la Luna.
This tunnel is believed to symbolize the ancient Mesoamerican belief in the underworld.
The discovery of numerous human and animal sacrifices in the pyramid’s burial sites further supports the role of the Pyramid of the Moon in religious rituals, shedding light on the spiritual practices of the Teotihuacan civilization.
What is inside the Pyramid of the Moon?
The Pyramid of the Moon at Teotihuacan holds fascinating secrets within its seven layers. Excavations have revealed five burial complexes, labeled 2 to 6, that provide insight into the rituals and beliefs of this ancient civilization.
These burial chambers were found to contain sacrificial animals. Along with human remains, archaeologists have found a variety of offerings, including elaborate figurines, obsidian objects, and the remains of animals.
These findings highlight the role of the pyramid in the ritual practices of Teotihuacan.
Can you still climb the Pyramid of the Moon?
No, you can’t climb the Pyramid of the Moon anymore. In the past, visitors could climb to the top of the Pyramid of the Sun and halfway up the Pyramid of the Moon. However, since 2020 climbing is no longer allowed.
Climbing the pyramids at Teotihuacan has been prohibited since 2020.
This measure was initially implemented during the pandemic to protect both visitors and the ancient structures. As of January 2025, the restriction remains in place to preserve the integrity of these historic monuments.
How big is the Teotihuacan Pyramid of the Moon?
The Pyramid of the Moon is the second-largest structure in Teotihuacan.
The Pyramid of the Moon reaches a height of 43 meters and has a base measuring 130 by 156 meters. Its design resembles the Pyramid of the Sun, with an additional platform temple extending from the southern side.
What is the difference between the Pyramid of the Sun and the Moon?
The Pyramid of the Moon is slightly smaller than the Pyramid of the Sun and was built about 50 years later. Unlike the Pyramid of the Sun, the Pyramid of the Moon was designed to match the shape of a nearby mountain.
The Pyramid of the Moon was used for human sacrifice and was painted bright red.
What mountain is behind the Pyramid of the Moon?
Behind the Pyramid of the Moon stands Cerro Gordo, an extinct volcano.
The silhouette of Cerro Gordo complements the breathtaking landscape of Teotihuacan and emphasizes the architectural harmony with the surrounding landscape, combining human innovation with the natural topography.
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